(Royal Mint & Tower of London o/s Town, Borough, & City of London, England) Tower Weight (Year of 1154)
1 tower blank = 1/110592000 tower oz. wheat = .00000001953125 cu.in.
1 tower perit = 1/4608000 tower oz. wheat = .00000046875000 cu.in.
1 tower dwit = 1/230400 tower oz. wheat = .00000937500000 cu.in.
1 tower myte (my.) = 1/9600 tower oz. wheat = 0.0002250 cu.in.
1 tower pearl-barley (p-b.) = 1/576 tower oz. wheat = 0.0037500 cu.in.
1 tower minim (tM) = 1/480 tower oz. wheat = 0.0045000 cu.in.
1 tower carat (ct.) = 1/144 tower oz. wheat = 0.0150000 cu.in.
1 tower sterling (stg.) = 1/20 tower oz. wheat = 0.1080000 cu.in.
1 tower ounce (oz.) = 110592000 tower blanks wheat = 2.1600000 cu.in.
1 long cup = 8 tower oz. wheat = 17.280000 cu.in.
1 tower pound (lb.) = 12 tower oz. wheat = 25.920000 cu.in.
1 cu.ft. = 66 2/3 tower lb. wheat  
1 tower blank = 1/245760 grain    
1 tower perit = 24 tower blanks (1/10240 gr.)  
1 tower dwit = 20 tower perits (1/512 gr.)  
1 tower myte = 24 tower dwits (3/64 gr.)  
1 tower pearl-barley = 1/576 tower oz. (25/32 gr.) (1 tower pot-barley)
1 tower minim = 20 tower my. (15/16 gr.)  
1 tower carat = 4 tower p-b. (3 1/8 gr.)  
1 tower sterling = 24 tM  
1 tower ounce = 20 tower stg. (144 tower ct.)
1 long cup = 8 tower oz. (1152 tower ct.) (1 long mark (mk.))
1 tower pound = 12 tower oz. (1728 tower ct.)
1 tower lb. = 5400 gr.  
assay troy ton@1 tower oz. = no. tower oz. gold or silver that 31360 tower oz. gold or silver ore will produce
assay troy ton@1 tower oz. = no. parts wt. gold or silver that 31360 parts wt. gold or silver ore will produce
1 troy ton = 31360 tower oz.  
1 troy ton = 3920 long cups (39.2 cu.ft. x 6/7 = 33.6 cu.ft. = 1 fl. tun)
1 merchant chalder = 4480 long cups (44.8 cu.ft = 1 dry chalder)
1 merchant last = 8960 long cups (89.6 cu.ft. = 1 dry last)
   
1 tower oz. = 480 tM
1 tower oz. = 480 x 480 tower dwits
1 tower oz. = 480 x 480 x 480 tower blanks
1 tower oz. = 8 x 60 x 8 x 60 x 8 x 60 tower blanks
1 tower oz. = 20 x 24 x 20 x 24 x 20 x 24 tower blanks
1 tower oz. = 20 tower stg. (20 tower pennyweights (dwt.))
1 tower oz. = 480 tM
1 tower oz. = 9600 tower my.
1 tower oz. = 230,400 tower dwits
1 tower oz. = 4,608,000 tower perits
1 tower oz. = 110,592,000 tower blanks
1 tower oz. = 15/16 troy oz.
1 tower oz. = 18 3/4 troy dwt.
1 tower oz. = 450 gr.
1 tower oz. = 9000 troy my.
1 tower oz. = 216,000 troy dwits
1 tower oz. = 4,320,000 troy perits
1 tower oz. = 103,680,000 troy blanks
   
1 tower lb. = 5760 gr. x 135/144 = 15/16 x 1 troy lb.
1 tower lb. = 7000 gr. x 135/175 = 27/35 x 1 av.lb.
1 tower lb. = 7200 gr. x 144/192 = 3/4 x 1 long lb.
1 tower lb. = 7680 gr. x 135/192 = 45/64 x 1 merchant lb.
1 tower lb. = 9000 gr. x 144/240 = 3/5 x 1 hansard lb.
1 tower lb. = 9600 gr. x 144/256 = 9/16 x 1 tron lb.
   
1 penny (1d.) content silver = 22 1/2 gr. = 24 gr. x 15/16 (Yr.1215)
1 penny (1d.) coin silver = 24 gr. @ 937.5 fine (Yr.1215)
1 shilling content silver = 270 gr. = 288 gr. x 15/16 (Yr.1215)
1 shilling (1s.) coin silver = 288 gr. @ 937.5 fine (Yr.1215)
1 tower lb. = 5400 gr.  
1 tower lb. = 5760 gr. x 135/144 = 15/16 x 1 troy lb. = 5400 gr.
1 troy pennyweight (dwt.) = 5760 gr. x 1/240 = 1/240 x 1 troy lb. = 24 gr.
royal customs duty = 1 1/2 gr. silver or gold from every 24 gr. imported/exported silver or gold
royal customs duty = 1/16 of every 24 gr. (or 1 troy dwt.) = 1 1/2 gr.
62 shilling coins silver = 1 troy lb. = 5760 gr. @ 925 fine (5328 gr. silver) (Yr.1601)
1 penny coin silver = 7 23/31 gr. @ 925 fine (7 5/31 gr. silver) (Yr.1601)
England (now UK) coins = silver coins must be 925 fine (Yr.1601)
metal sterling = silver metal @ 925 fine  
     
1 av.lb. sea water = 27.000 cu.in.    
1 tower lb. ethyl alcohol = 27.000 cu.in.    
1 av.lb. distill. water = 27.648 cu.in. (U.K. Yr.1826) (1 et.pt.)
1 troy lb. wheat = 27.648 cu.in.    
1 av.lb. wine = 28.800 cu.in. (1 av.lb. butter) (1 fl.pt.)
1 troy lb. ethyl alcohol = 28.800 cu.in.    
1 av.lb. wheat = 33.600 cu.in.   (1 dry pt.)
1 long lb. wheat = 34.560 cu.in.    
1 av.lb. rye = 34.560 cu.in. (U.K. Yr.1826) (1 imp.pt.)
1 av.lb. ethyl alcohol = 35.000 cu.in.   (1 ex.pt.)
"By the consent of the whole Realm of England, the Measure of our Lord the King
was made, that an English Penny, called the Sterling, round, without clipping,
should weigh thirty-two Corns of Wheat, well-dried, and gathered out of the Middle of
the Ear, and twenty Pence to make an Ounce, twelve Ounces a Pound, eight
Pounds a Gallon of Wine, and eight Gallons of Wine a Bushel of London, which is
an eighth Part of a Quarter." Year of 1216
     
5760 tM = 24 tM x 20 x 12 (not 32 tM)
5760 tM = 27.000 cubic inches ethyl alcohol
1/64 cubic foot = 27.000 cubic inches
46080 tM = 216.000 cubic inches ethyl alchol
1/8 cubic foot = 216.000 cubic inches
368640 tM = 1728.000 cubic inches ethyl alcohol
1 cubic foot = 1728.000 cubic inches
     
LEATHER SEALER'S OFFICE, Londonderry, Vt. April 8th 1826 Rory Ely Cole
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Copyright © MMII Rory Ely Cole