| (Royal Mint & Tower of London o/s Town, Borough, & City of London, England) Tower Weight (Year of 1154) |
| 1 tower blank | = | 1/110592000 tower oz. | wheat | = .00000001953125 cu.in. |
| 1 tower perit | = | 1/4608000 tower oz. | wheat | = .00000046875000 cu.in. |
| 1 tower dwit | = | 1/230400 tower oz. | wheat | = .00000937500000 cu.in. |
| 1 tower myte (my.) | = | 1/9600 tower oz. | wheat | = 0.0002250 cu.in. |
| 1 tower pearl-barley (p-b.) | = | 1/576 tower oz. | wheat | = 0.0037500 cu.in. |
| 1 tower minim (tM) | = | 1/480 tower oz. | wheat | = 0.0045000 cu.in. |
| 1 tower carat (ct.) | = | 1/144 tower oz. | wheat | = 0.0150000 cu.in. |
| 1 tower sterling (stg.) | = | 1/20 tower oz. | wheat | = 0.1080000 cu.in. |
| 1 tower ounce (oz.) | = | 110592000 tower blanks | wheat | = 2.1600000 cu.in. |
| 1 long cup | = | 8 tower oz. | wheat | = 17.280000 cu.in. |
| 1 tower pound (lb.) | = | 12 tower oz. | wheat | = 25.920000 cu.in. |
| 1 cu.ft. | = | 66 2/3 tower lb. | wheat | |
| 1 tower blank | = | 1/245760 grain | ||
| 1 tower perit | = | 24 tower blanks | (1/10240 gr.) | |
| 1 tower dwit | = | 20 tower perits | (1/512 gr.) | |
| 1 tower myte | = | 24 tower dwits | (3/64 gr.) | |
| 1 tower pearl-barley | = | 1/576 tower oz. | (25/32 gr.) | (1 tower pot-barley) |
| 1 tower minim | = | 20 tower my. | (15/16 gr.) | |
| 1 tower carat | = | 4 tower p-b. | (3 1/8 gr.) |
| 1 tower sterling | = | 24 tM | |
| 1 tower ounce | = | 20 tower stg. | (144 tower ct.) |
| 1 long cup | = | 8 tower oz. | (1152 tower ct.) | (1 long mark (mk.)) |
| 1 tower pound | = | 12 tower oz. | (1728 tower ct.) |
| 1 tower lb. | = | 5400 gr. |
| assay troy ton@1 tower oz. | = | no. tower oz. gold or silver that 31360 tower oz. gold or silver ore will produce |
| assay troy ton@1 tower oz. | = | no. parts wt. gold or silver that 31360 parts wt. gold or silver ore will produce |
| 1 troy ton | = | 31360 tower oz. | |
| 1 troy ton | = | 3920 long cups | (39.2 cu.ft. x 6/7 = 33.6 cu.ft. = 1 fl. tun) |
| 1 merchant chalder | = | 4480 long cups | (44.8 cu.ft = 1 dry chalder) |
| 1 merchant last | = | 8960 long cups | (89.6 cu.ft. = 1 dry last) |
| • | ||
| 1 tower oz. | = | 480 tM |
| 1 tower oz. | = | 480 x 480 tower dwits |
| 1 tower oz. | = | 480 x 480 x 480 tower blanks |
| 1 tower oz. | = | 8 x 60 x 8 x 60 x 8 x 60 tower blanks |
| 1 tower oz. | = | 20 x 24 x 20 x 24 x 20 x 24 tower blanks |
| 1 tower oz. | = | 20 tower stg. | (20 tower pennyweights (dwt.)) |
| 1 tower oz. | = | 480 tM |
| 1 tower oz. | = | 9600 tower my. |
| 1 tower oz. | = | 230,400 tower dwits |
| 1 tower oz. | = | 4,608,000 tower perits |
| 1 tower oz. | = | 110,592,000 tower blanks |
| 1 tower oz. | = | 15/16 troy oz. |
| 1 tower oz. | = | 18 3/4 troy dwt. |
| 1 tower oz. | = | 450 gr. |
| 1 tower oz. | = | 9000 troy my. |
| 1 tower oz. | = | 216,000 troy dwits |
| 1 tower oz. | = | 4,320,000 troy perits |
| 1 tower oz. | = | 103,680,000 troy blanks |
| • |
| 1 tower lb. | = | 5760 gr. x 135/144 = 15/16 x 1 troy lb. |
| 1 tower lb. | = | 7000 gr. x 135/175 = 27/35 x 1 av.lb. |
| 1 tower lb. | = | 7200 gr. x 144/192 = 3/4 x 1 long lb. |
| 1 tower lb. | = | 7680 gr. x 135/192 = 45/64 x 1 merchant lb. |
| 1 tower lb. | = | 9000 gr. x 144/240 = 3/5 x 1 hansard lb. |
| 1 tower lb. | = | 9600 gr. x 144/256 = 9/16 x 1 tron lb. |
| • |
| 1 penny (1d.) content silver | = | 22 1/2 gr. = 24 gr. x 15/16 | (Yr.1215) |
| 1 penny (1d.) coin silver | = | 24 gr. @ 937.5 fine | (Yr.1215) |
| 1 shilling content silver | = | 270 gr. = 288 gr. x 15/16 | (Yr.1215) |
| 1 shilling (1s.) coin silver | = | 288 gr. @ 937.5 fine | (Yr.1215) |
| 1 tower lb. | = | 5400 gr. |
| 1 tower lb. | = | 5760 gr. x 135/144 = 15/16 x 1 troy lb. = 5400 gr. |
| 1 troy pennyweight (dwt.) | = | 5760 gr. x 1/240 = 1/240 x 1 troy lb. = 24 gr. |
| royal customs duty | = | 1 1/2 gr. silver or gold from every 24 gr. imported/exported silver or gold |
| royal customs duty | = | 1/16 of every 24 gr. (or 1 troy dwt.) = 1 1/2 gr. |
| 62 shilling coins silver | = | 1 troy lb. = 5760 gr. @ 925 fine | (5328 gr. silver) | (Yr.1601) |
| 1 penny coin silver | = | 7 23/31 gr. @ 925 fine | (7 5/31 gr. silver) | (Yr.1601) |
| England (now UK) coins | = | silver coins must be 925 fine | (Yr.1601) |
| metal sterling | = | silver metal @ 925 fine | |
| • |
| 1 av.lb. sea water | = | 27.000 cu.in. | ||
| 1 tower lb. ethyl alcohol | = | 27.000 cu.in. | ||
| 1 av.lb. distill. water | = | 27.648 cu.in. | (U.K. Yr.1826) | (1 et.pt.) |
| 1 troy lb. wheat | = | 27.648 cu.in. | ||
| 1 av.lb. wine | = | 28.800 cu.in. | (1 av.lb. butter) | (1 fl.pt.) |
| 1 troy lb. ethyl alcohol | = | 28.800 cu.in. | ||
| 1 av.lb. wheat | = | 33.600 cu.in. | (1 dry pt.) | |
| 1 long lb. wheat | = | 34.560 cu.in. | ||
| 1 av.lb. rye | = | 34.560 cu.in. | (U.K. Yr.1826) | (1 imp.pt.) |
| 1 av.lb. ethyl alcohol | = | 35.000 cu.in. | (1 ex.pt.) |
| • |
| "By the consent of the whole Realm of England, the Measure of our Lord the King |
| was made, that an English Penny, called the Sterling, round, without clipping, |
| should weigh thirty-two Corns of Wheat, well-dried, and gathered out of the Middle of |
| the Ear, and twenty Pence to make an Ounce, twelve Ounces a Pound, eight |
| Pounds a Gallon of Wine, and eight Gallons of Wine a Bushel of London, which is |
| an eighth Part of a Quarter." | Year of 1216 |
| • | |||
| 5760 tM | = | 24 tM x 20 x 12 | (not 32 tM) |
| 5760 tM | = | 27.000 cubic inches ethyl alcohol |
| 1/64 cubic foot | = | 27.000 cubic inches |
| 46080 tM | = | 216.000 cubic inches ethyl alchol |
| 1/8 cubic foot | = | 216.000 cubic inches |
| 368640 tM | = | 1728.000 cubic inches ethyl alcohol |
| 1 cubic foot | = | 1728.000 cubic inches |
| LEATHER SEALER'S OFFICE, Londonderry, Vt. | April 8th 1826 | Rory Ely Cole |
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| Copyright © MMII Rory Ely Cole |