| Common Nautical Measure (June 15th 1215) |
| 1 fathom (fth.) | = | 2 yards | (1 yd. = 6 x 6" = 36") |
| 1 fth. | = | 4 statute cubits | (1 stt. cubit = 24 dt.) |
| 1 fth. | = | 6 feet (') (ft.) | (1' = 12 x 12 x 12'''' = 1728'''') |
| 1 fth. | = | 8 spans | (1 span = 12 dt.) |
| 1 fth. | = | 32 nail-lengths | (1 yd. = 4 x 4 nlth. = 16 x 3 dt.) |
| 1 fth. | = | 72 inches (") (in.) | (1" = 12 x 12'''' = 144'''') |
| 1 fth. | = | 72" | (1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 5 x 0.6" = 72.0") |
| 1 fth. | = | 96 digits (dt.) | (2x48) (3x32) (4x24) (6x16) (8x12) |
| 1 fth. | = | 864 ligne (''') (lig.) | (3 x 3) + (4 x 4) = 5 x 5 |
| 1 fth. | = | 864''' | (right angle 3 x 4 x 5 triangle) |
| 1 fth. | = | 864''' | (1''' = 3'''' + 4'''' + 5'''' = 12'''') |
| 1 fth. | = | 864''' | (1 sidereal day = 86,400" of time) |
| 1 fth. | = | 2880 lines | (1 L - button trade only) |
| 1 fth. | = | 10,368 douzieme ('''') (dou.) | (1'''' - watch trade only) |
| 1 fth. | = | 72,000 mil | (1" = 10 x 10 x 10 mil = 1000 mil) |
| 1 nautical cable | = | 101 1/3 fth. | |
| 1 ntl.cbl. | = | 202 2/3 yd. | |
| 1 ntl.cbl. | = | 400 egyptian (coptic) cubits | |
| 1 ntl.cbl. | = | 405 1/3 stt. cubits | |
| 1 ntl.cbl. | = | 608 ft. | |
| 1 nautical mile | = | 10 ntl.cbl. | (avge. 1' of arc Eq. & all meridians) |
| 1 ntl.ml. | = | 1013 1/3 fth. | |
| 1 ntl.ml. | = | 2026 2/3 yd. | |
| 1 ntl.ml. | = | 4000 egyptian cubits | |
| 1 ntl.ml. | = | 4053 1/3 stt. cubits |
| 1 ntl.ml. | = | 6080 ft. | (1.216 rom.ml.) | (1 ntl. league = 6080 yd.) |
| 1 ntl.ml. (aero) | = | 6080 ft. | (38/33 stt.ml.) | (U.S. Navy & U.S. Army Air Force) |
| 1 geographical ml. | = | 6087.0800 ft. | (1' of arc of Equator) |
| 1 telegraph ml. | = | 6087.0000 ft. | |
| 1 mathematical ml. | = | 6082.2020 ft. | (60,000 x cubic root of 1 fluid ounce) |
| 1 marine ml. | = | 6080.2000 ft. | (U.S. Navy & U.S. Merchant Marine) |
| 1 glider ml. | = | 6080.0403 ft. | (Federation Aeronautique Internat.) |
| 1 NERE maritime ml. | = | 6076.1033 ft. | (Yr.1929) |
| 1 nautical league | = | 6080 yd. | (3 x 6080') |
| 1 nautical ken | = | 6080 fth. | (1 ntl. spindle) | (6 x 6080') |
| 1° of arc Eq./mer. | = | 60 ntl.ml. | (avge. 1 deg. of arc Eq. & all mer.) |
| 1° of arc Eq./mer. | = | 600 ntl.cbl. | (>avge. 1 deg.lon. & 1 deg.lat. @ Eq.) |
| 1° of arc Eq./mer. | = | 60,800 fth. | |
| 1° of arc Eq./mer. | = | 121,600 yd. | |
| 1° of arc Eq./mer. | = | 240,000 egyptian cubits | |
| 1° of arc Eq./mer. | = | 243,200 stt. cubits | |
| 1° of arc Eq./mer. | = | 364,800 ft. |
| 1 Equator/meridian | = | 360° | (6 x 60) | (24 sidereal hours) (1 sidereal day) |
| 1 Eq./mer. | = | 21,600 ntl.ml. | (6 x 60 x 60) | (1440 sidereal minutes) |
| 1 Eq./mer. | = | 216,000 ntl.cbl. | (60 x 60 x 60) | (86,400 sidereal seconds) |
| 1 Eq./mer. | = | 21,888,000 fth. | |
| 1 Eq./mer. | = | 43,776,000 yd. | |
| 1 Eq./mer. | = | 86,400,000 egyptian cubits | (86,400,000 1/000 sidereal seconds) |
| 1 Eq./mer. | = | 87,552,000 stt. cubits | |
| 1 Eq./mer. | = | 131,328,000 ft. |
| 1 logknot | = | 608 in. | (2/24 ntl.cbl. on logline) |
| 12 logkn. | = | 1 ntl.cbl. on logline knotted every 608 in. (50 2/3 ft.) |
| 12 logkn. | = | 1 ntl.cbl. on logline dragged out by logship/logchip in sea |
| 1 half-logknot | = | 304 in. | (1/24 ntl.cbl. on logline) |
| 24 hf-logkn. | = | 1 ntl.cbl. on logline knotted every 304 in. (25 1/3 ft.) |
| 24 hf-logkn. | = | 1 ntl.cbl. on logline dragged out by log-dutchman in sea |
| 1 log-ground | = | 7 av.lb. or 8 av.lb. lead replacing log-dutchman for delta ground speeds |
| 1 knot | = | 1 ntl.ml. per hr. solar or sidereal | (usually solar time) |
| 1 kn. (aero) | = | 1 aeronautical ml. per hr. | (U.S.N. & U.S.A.A.F., Yr.1946) |
| 1 kn. | = | 2/24 ntl.cbl. on logline dragged out in 30 sec. of time (1/2 min. log-glass) |
| 6 1/2 kn. | = | 13/24 ntl.cbl. on logline dragged out in 30 sec. of time (1/2 min. log-glass) |
| 7 kn. | = | 7/24 ntl.cbl. on logline dragged out in 15 sec. of time (1/4 min. log-glass) |
| 20 fth. | = | 9 marks on hand lead-line from lead end (deeps not marked) |
| 100 fth. | = | 25 marks on deep-sea lead-line from lead end (deeps not marked) |
| 100 fth. depth | = | sound/s edge @ low tide | (continental shelf edge) |
| 1 gunter scale | (Yr.1624) | = | 24 in. | (2' rule & pair of compasses - trigonometry functions) |
| 86400" sidereal time | = | 86164" solar time |
| 86400" solar time | = | 86636.64" sidereal time |
| 1 Equator (meridian) | = | 86,400,000 egyptian cubits |
| 24 sidereal hour day | = | 86,400,000 1/1000 sidereal seconds |
| 1° of arc of Eq./mer. | = | 240,000 egyptian cubits |
| 1° of arc of longitude | = | 240,000 egyptian cubits |
| 1 NERE maritime ml. | = | 0.9993591 ntl.ml. | (Yr.1929) |
| 1 NERE maritime ml. | = | 6076.1033 ft. | (84,168 ft. short of avge. Eq. & mer.) |
| 1 NERE maritime ml. | = | 1.1507771 stt.ml. | (1 213/250 kilometre) |
| 1 Eq./mer. | = | 29,184,000 goads | (1 goad = 24 nl.lth. = 72 dt. = 2160 L) |
| 1 Eq./mer. | = | 35,020,800 ells | (1 ell = 20 nl.lth. = 60 dt. = 1800 L) |
| 1 Eq./mer. | = | 43,776,000 yd. | (1 yd. = 16 nl.lth. = 48 dt. = 1440 L) |
| 1 Eq./mer. | = | 58,368,000 bandles | (1 band. = 12 nl.lth. = 36 dt. = 1080 L) |
| 1 Eq./mer. | = | 87,552,000 stt. cubits | (1 stt.cubit = 8 nl.lth. = 24 dt. = 720 L) |
| 1 Eq./mer. | = | 175,104,000 spans | (1 span = 4 nl.lth. = 12 dt. = 360 L) |
| • |
| 0 logknot | = | 0 ft. | (white duck, end seized onto logline) |
| 1/2 logknot | = | 25 1/3 ft. | (1 knot on cord, end seized onto logline) |
| 1 logknot | = | 50 2/3 ft. | (leather strip, end seized onto logline) |
| 1 1/2 logknot | = | 76 ft. | (1 knot on cord, end seized onto logline) |
| 2 logknots | = | 101 1/3 ft. | (2 knots on cord, end seized onto logline) |
| 2 1/2 logknots | = | 126 2/3 ft. | (1 knot on cord, end seized onto logline) |
| 3 logknots | = | 152 ft. | (3 knots on cord, end seized onto logline) |
| 3 1/2 logknots | = | 177 1/3 ft. | (1 knot on cord, end seized onto logline) |
| 4 logknots | = | 202 2/3 ft. | (4 knots on cord, end seized onto logline) |
| 4 1/2 logknots | = | 228 ft. | (1 knot on cord, end seized onto logline) |
| 5 logknots | = | 253 1/3 ft. | (5 knots on cord, end seized onto logline) |
| 5 1/2 logknots | = | 278 2/3 ft. | (1 knot on cord, end seized onto logline) |
| 6 logknots | = | 304 ft. | (6 knots on cord, end seized onto logline) |
| 6 1/2 logknots | = | 329 1/3 ft. | (1 knot on cord, end seized onto logline) |
| 7 logknots | = | 354 2/3 ft. | (7 knots on cord, end seized onto logline) |
| 7 1/2 logknots | = | 380 ft. | (1 knot on cord, end seized onto logline) |
| 8 logknots | = | 405 1/3 ft. | (8 knots on cord, end seized onto logline) |
| 8 1/2 logknots | = | 430 2/3 ft. | (1 knot on cord, end seized onto logline) |
| 9 logknots | = | 456 ft. | (9 knots on cord, end seized onto logline) |
| 9 1/2 logknots | = | 481 1/3 ft. | (1 knot on cord, end seized onto logline) |
| 10 logknots | = | 506 2/3 ft. | (10 knots on cord, end seized onto logline) |
| 10 1/2 logknots | = | 532 ft. | (1 knot on cord, end seized onto logline) |
| 11 logknots | = | 557 1/3 ft. | (11 knots on cord, end seized onto logline) |
| 11 1/2 logknots | = | 582 2/3 ft. | (1 knot on cord, end seized onto logline) |
| 12 logknots | = | 608 ft. | (12 knots on cord, end seized onto logline) |
| • | ||||
| 1'''' | = | 1/1728' | (1 dou.) | (0' 0" 0''' 1'''') |
| 1''' | = | 1/144' | (1 lig.) | (0' 0" 1''') |
| 1" | = | 1/12' | (1 in.) | (0' 1") |
| 1' | = | 1 ft. | (1') |
| • | |||
| 86400" of time | = | 6 x 60/15 x 60 x 60" of time | (60 - sexagesimal) |
| 1,296,000" of arc | = | 6 x 60 x 60 x 60" of arc | (60 - sexagesimal) |
| 1,296,000" of arc | = | 6 x 216,000" of arc |
| 216,000 | = | (6 x 6 x 6) x (10 x 10 x 10) = 216 x 1000 |
| Babylon/Assyria cube | = | (6 x 10) x (6 x 10) x (6 x 10) = 60 x 60 x 60 = 216,000 |
| Egypt/Arabic cube | = | 10 x 10 x 10 = 1000 |
| 1.216 | = | ((10 x 10 x 10) ÷ 1000) + ((6 x 6 x 6) ÷ 1000) |
| 1' of arc of Eq./mer. | = | 1' of longitude = 4000 egyptian cubits |
| 1' of arc of Equator | = | 10 ntl. cables = 6080 ft. = 1 ntl.ml. = 4" sidereal time |
| 1" sidereal time | = | 15" of arc of Equator = 1520 ft. = 1000 egyptian cubits |
| 1 nautical cable | = | 101 1/3 fth. = 608 ft. = 6" arc of Equator = 6/15" sidereal time |
| 1" of arc of Equator | = | 101 1/3 ft. = 1/15" sidereal time |
| 1.216 in. | = | 101 1/3 ft. ÷ 1000 |
| 1 Equator / meridian | = | 1.216 in. x (10 x 10 x 10) x ((6 x 10) x (6 x 10) x (6 x 10)) x 6 |
| 1.800 cu.in. (1 fl.oz.) | =/> | 1.798045696 cu.in. = 1.216 x 1.216 x 1.216 in. |
| 7000 gr. (1 av.lb.) | = | 16 av.oz. |
| 437500 gr. | = | 16000 av.dr. or 8000 av.dhm. |
| 437500 gr. | = | 1000 av.oz. distilled water @ maximum density @ 39.2° |
| 1 cu.ft. | = | 1000 av.oz. distilled water = 1728 cu.in. = 12 x 12 x 12 in. |
| 1000 av.oz. distilled water | = | 960 farthings = 240 pennies = 20 shillings = U.S. £1 pound |
| 1.800 cu.in. (1 fl.oz.) | = | 1728 cu.in. (or 1000 av.oz. distilled water) ÷ 960 = 1 farthing |
| 1/1000" of arc Equator/mer. | = | one side of 1 fl.oz. cube of com. fluid measure (1.216 in.) |
| • | |||
| Babylon/Assyria cube | = | (6 x 10) x (6 x 10) x (6 x 10) | (216,000) |
| Egypt/Arabic cube | = | 10 x 10 x 10 | (1000) |
| 216 | = | 6 x 6 x 6 | |
| 1000 | = | 10 x 10 x 10 |
| 1.216 | = | ((10 x 10 x 10) ÷ 1000) + ((6 x 6 x 6) ÷ 1000) |
| 1 Equator / meridian | = | 1.216 x 108,000,000 feet | (131,328,000 ft.) |
| 1 sextant of Eq./mer. | = | 1.216 x 18,000,000 feet | (21,888,000 ft.) |
| 1 degree Eq./mer. | = | 1.216 x 300,000 feet | (364,800 ft.) |
| 1 minute Eq./mer. | = | 1.216 x 5000 feet or 1 militia mile | (6080 ft. or 1 ntl. mile) |
| 1 second Eq./mer. | = | 1.216 x 1000 inches | (1216 in.) |
| 1/10 sec. Eq./mer. | = | 1.216 x 100 inches | (121.6 in.) |
| 1/100 sec. Eq./mer. | = | 1.216 x 10 inches | (12.16 in.) |
| 1/1000 sec. Eq./mer. | = | 1.216 x 1 inch | (1.216 in.) |
| 1 fluid ounce (1.80 cu.in.) | =/> | 1.216 x 1.216 x 1.216 inch | (1.798045696 cu.in.) |
| 1 fl.oz. (1.800 cu.in.) | = | 1 av. ounce wine or butter | (437 1/2 grains) |
| 1 fl.oz. (1.800 cu.in.) | = | 1000/960 av.oz. distilled water @ max.dens. @ 39.2° |
| 1.728 cu.in. | = | 1 av.oz. d. water @ max.dens. | (1.2 x 1.2 x 1.2 in.) |
| 1.728 cu.in. | = | 1 av.oz. distilled water @ max.dens. | (1.0000000 specific gravity) |
| 1.872 cu.in. | = | 1 av.oz. olive-oil | (0.9230769 (12/13) specific gravity) |
| 1.800 cu.in. (1 fl.oz.) | = | (1/2 av.oz. olive-oil) + (1/2 av.oz. d. water) | (0.9600000 specific gravity) |
| 1.000 cu.in. | = | 1 av.oz. ivory | (1.7280000 specific gravity) |
| 1 cu.ft. | = | 960 av.oz. wine = 1728 cu.in. | (12 x 12 x 12 in.) |
| 1 cu.ft. | = | 1000 av.oz. d. water = 1728 cu.in. | (12 x 12 x 12 in.) |
| 1 cu.ft. | = | 60 av.lb. wine | (3 + 4 + 5 = 12) | (3 x 4 x 5 = 60) |
| 1 cu.ft. | = | 1000/16 av.lb. distilled water @ max.dens. @ 39.2° |
| 1 cu.ft. | = | 1000/16 troy lb. wheat |
| 1 cu.ft. | = | 64 av.lb. sea water | (1 av. bushel sea water) |
| 1 cu.ft. | = | 60 fl.pt | 1 fluid pint | = 28.8000 cu.in. |
| 1 cu.ft. | = | 360/7 dry pt. | 1 dry pint | = 33.6000 cu.in. |
| 1 cu.ft. | = | 60/8 fl.gal. | 1 fluid gallon | = 230.400 cu.in. |
| 1 cu.ft. | = | 360/56 dry gal. | 1 dry gallon | = 268.800 cu.in. |
| 1 cu.ft. | = | 3(4 in.) x 4(3 in.) x 5(2.4 in.) | (1728 cu.in.) | (60 fl.pt.) |
| 1 cu.ft. | = | 8(1.5 in.) x 10(1.2 in.) x 12(1 in.) | (1728 cu.in.) | (960 fl.oz.) |
| 1 cu.ft. | = | 10(1.2 in.) x 10(1.2 in.) x 10(1.2 in.) | (1728 cu.in.) | (1000 av.oz. water) |
| 960 fl.oz. (1 cu.ft.) | = | 960 farthings = 240 pennies = 20 shillings = U.S. £1 pound |
| 960 av.oz. wine | = | 960 farthings = 240 pennies = 20 shillings = U.S. £1 pound |
| 1 av.lb. sea water | = | 27.000 cu.in. | ||
| 1 tower lb. ethyl alcohol | = | 27.000 cu.in. | ||
| 1 av.lb. distill. water | = | 27.648 cu.in. | (U.K. Yr.1826) | (1 et.pt.) |
| 1 troy lb. wheat | = | 27.648 cu.in. | ||
| 1 av.lb. wine | = | 28.800 cu.in. | (1 av.lb. butter) | (1 fl.pt.) |
| 1 troy lb. ethyl alcohol | = | 28.800 cu.in. | ||
| 1 av.lb. wheat | = | 33.600 cu.in. | (1 dry pt.) | |
| 1 long lb. wheat | = | 34.560 cu.in. | ||
| 1 av.lb. rye | = | 34.560 cu.in. | (U.K. Yr.1826) | (1 imp.pt.) |
| 1 av.lb. ethyl alcohol | = | 35.000 cu.in. | (1 ex.pt.) |
| 1/1000" of arc Equator/mer. | = | one side of 1 fl.oz. cube of common fluid measure (1.216 in.) |
| 1 circle or Eq./mer. | = | 6 sextants | (131,328,000 ft.) |
| 1 sextant circle or Eq./mer. | = | 60 degrees | (6 x 10) | (21,888,000 ft.) |
| 1 degree circle or Eq./mer. | = | 60 min. of arc | (6 x 10) | (364,800 ft.) |
| 1 minute circle or Eq./mer. | = | 60 sec. of arc | (6 x 10) | (6080 ft. or 1 ntl. mile) |
| 1 second circle or Eq./mer. | = | 1/60 min. of arc | (1216 in.) | |
| 1 sidereal day or Equator | = | 6 sextants | (131,328,000 ft.) | |
| 1 sextant sidereal day | = | 4 hours | ((6 x 10) ÷ 15) | (21,888,000 ft.) |
| 1 hour sidereal day | = | 60 min. of time | (6 x 10) | (5,472,000 ft.) |
| 1 minute sidereal day | = | 60 sec. of time | (6 x 10) | (91,200 ft. or 15 ntl. miles) |
| 1 second sidereal day | = | 1/60 min. of time | (1520 ft.) |
| 1 explicit ounce | = | 1.2 x 1.2 x 1.2 inch | (1.728 cu.in.) | (Yr.1826) |
| 1 et.oz. (1.728 cu.in.) | = | 1 av.oz. distilled water @ max.dens. @ 39.2 F | (Yr.1826) |
| 1 cu.ft. | = | 1000 av.oz. distilled water = 1728 cu.in. | (12 x 12 x 12 in.) |
| 1000 et.oz. (1 cu.ft.) | = | 1000 mills = 100 cents = 10 dimes = U.K. $1 dollar | (Yr.1826) |
| 1000 av.oz. distilled water | = | 1000 mills = 100 cents = 10 dimes = U.K. $1 dollar | (Yr.1826) |
| 6/6080" of arc Equator/mer. | = | one side of one et.oz. cube of The Britains explicit measure = 1.2 in. | (Yr.1826) |
| LEATHER SEALER'S OFFICE, Londonderry, Vt. | April 8th 1826 | Rory Ely Cole |
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| Copyright © MMII Rory Ely Cole |