| Common Fluid Measure & Common Dry Measure (Years of 732 & 1154) |
| 1 fluid blank | = | 1/24 fl. perit | (.000028125 cu. ligne) | |
| 1 fluid perit | = | 24 fl. blanks | (.000000390625 cu.in.) | |
| 1 fluid dwit | = | 480 fl. blanks | (.000007812500 cu.in.) | |
| 1 fluid myte (my.) | = | 24 fl. dwits | (.000187500000 cu.in.) | |
| 1 fluid minim (fM) | = | 480 fl. dwits | (1 fl. drop (dp.)) | (.0037500 cu.in.) |
| 1 fl. demipinch (d-pinch) | = | 5 fM | (< 0.416" dia. 1/2 sphere) | (Boston Cook.Sch. (Yr.1878)) |
| 1 fl. pinch | = | 10 fM | (< 0.524" dia. 1/2 sphere) | (Boston Cook.Sch. (Yr.1878)) |
| 1 fluid scruple (scr.) | = | 20 fM | (< 0.660" dia. 1/2 sphere) | (1 fl. saltsp.) (1 fl. snuffsp.) |
| 1 fl. sterling (stg.) | = | 24 fM | (< 0.701" dia. 1/2 sphere | (1 fl. pinch (ph.)) (goldminers) |
| 1 fl. eggspoon (egs.) | = | 40 fM | (< 0.831" dia. 1/2 sphere) | (1 fl. coffeespoon (csp.)) |
| 1 fl. drachm (dhm.) | = | 60 fM | (< 0.951" dia. 1/2 sphere) | (1 fl. drug-teaspoon (d-tsp.)) |
| 1 fl. recipespoon (rsp.) | = | 80 fM | (< 1.047" dia. 1/2 sphere) | (Boston Cook.Sch. (Yr.1878)) |
| 1 fl. dessertspoon | = | 120 fM | (< 1.198" dia. 1/2 sphere) | (1 fl.dsp.) |
| 1 fl. sweetmeatspoon | = | 160 fM | (< 1.319" dia. 1/2 sphere) | (1 fl.sms.) |
| 1 fl. tablespoon (tbs.) | = | 240 fM | (< 1.510" dia. 1/2 sphere) | (1 fl. loth) |
| 1 fluid ounce | = | 480 fM | (< 1.902" dia. 1/2 sphere) | (1 fl. shot) (1 fl. coffeemeas.) |
| 1 fl.oz. | = | 1.8000000 cu.in. | (480 fM) |
| 1 fl.oz. | = | volume of 437 1/2 gr. wine or butter | |
| 1 fl.oz. | = | volume of 1 av.oz. wine or butter | (480 aM wine) |
| 1 fl.oz. | = | volume of 375 gr. wheat | |
| 1 fl.oz. | = | volume of 6/7 av.oz. wheat | (411 3/7 aM wheat) |
| 1 fl.oz. | = | vol. of 25/24 av.oz. (150/144) distilled water | (500 aM distill. water) |
| 1 fl.oz. | = | 1.0416666 et.oz. | (150/144) | (Year of 1826) |
| 1 fluid jack (jk.) | = | 960 fM | (1 fl. nip) | |
| 1 fluid jill (ji.) | = | 1920 fM | (1 fl. gill) (1 fl. noggin) | |
| 1 fluid cup | = | 3840 fM | (1 fl. glass) (1 fl. tumbler) | |
| 1 fluid pint | = | 7680 fM | (1 fl. punnet) | (1 fl. pound (lb.)) |
| 1 fl.pt. | = | 28.800000 cu.in. | (7680 fM) |
| 1 fl.pt. | = | volume of 7000 gr. wine or butter | |
| 1 fl.pt. | = | volume of 1 av.lb. wine or butter | (7680 aM wine) |
| 1 fl.pt. | = | volume of 6000 gr. wheat | |
| 1 fl.pt. | = | volume of 6/7 av.lb. wheat | (6582 6/7 aM wheat) |
| 1 fl.pt. | = | vol. of 25/24 av.lb. (150/144) distilled water | (8000 aM distilled water) |
| 1 fl.pt. | = | 0.8571428 dry pt. | (144/168) | |
| 1 fl.pt. | = | 1.0416666 et.pt. | (150/144) | (Year of 1826) |
| 1 fl.pt. | = | 0.8333333 imp.pt. | (120/144) | (Year of 1826) |
| 1 fl.pt. | = | 0.47195027 Napoleon Emperor's Republic of Europe litre (Year of 1804) |
| 1 fluid quart (qt.) | = | 2 fl.pt. | (1 fl. tappet-hen) | (1 fl. pitch) |
| 1 fl. aleyard | = | 3 fl.pt. | (36 in. high glass) | (1 fl. yard-of-ale) |
| 1 fluid pottle (pot.) | = | 4 fl.pt. | (1/21 fl. blackjack) | (1 fl. stoup) |
| 1 fluid gallon | = | 8 fl.pt. |
| 1 fl.gal. | (Yr.1706) | = | 230.40000 cu.in. < 6.993 in. wide x 6 in. high cylinder |
| 1 fl.gal. | = | 230.40000 cu.in. | (61440 fM) |
| 1 fl.gal. | = | volume of 56000 gr. wine or butter | |
| 1 fl.gal. | = | vol. of 1 av.gal. (1 av.nailwt.) (8 av.lb.) wine | (61440 aM wine) |
| 1 fl.gal. | = | volume of 48000 gr. wheat | |
| 1 fl.gal. | = | vol. of 6/7 av.gal. (6 6/7 av.lb.) wheat | (52662 6/7 aM wheat) |
| 1 fl.gal. | = | vol. of 25/24 av.gal. (8 1/3 av.lb.) distill. water | (64000 aM dist. water) |
| 250 av.gal. wine or butter | = | 1 short ton | (2000 av.lb.) | |
| 250 av.gal. wine or butter | = | 33.333333 cu.ft. | (33 15/45) | (250 fl.gal.) |
| 252 av.gal. wine or butter | = | 1 troy ton | (2016 av.lb.) | |
| 252 av.gal. wine or butter | = | 33.600000 cu.ft. | (33 27/45) | (252 fl.gal.) |
| 256 av.gal. wine or butter | = | 1 winchester wey | (2048 av.lb.) | |
| 256 av.gal. wine or butter | = | 34.133333 cu.ft. | (34 6/45) | (256 fl.gal.) |
| 280 av.gal. wine or butter | = | 1 long ton | (2240 av.lb.) | |
| 280 av.gal. wine or butter | = | 37.333333 cu.ft. | (37 15/45) | (280 fl.gal.) |
| 288 av.gal. wine or butter | = | 1 merchant chalder | (2304 av.lb.) |
| 288 av.gal. wine or butter | = | 38.400000 cu.ft. | (38 18/45) | (288 fl.gal.) |
| 576 av.gal. wine or butter | = | 1 merchant last | (4608 av.lb.) | |
| 576 av.gal. wine or butter | = | 76.800000 cu.ft. | (76 36/45) | (576 fl.gal.) |
| 1 fluid scuttlebutt | = | 5 1/4 fl.gal. | (1 fl. s-butt/breaker) | 1 dry pin |
| 1 fl. jerrican | (Yr.1936) | = | 5 1/4 fl.gal. | (7th Q.O.H., 8th K.R.I.H., 11th Hussars, 1st Royal Tanks) |
| 1 fl. blackjack (bjk.) | = | 10 1/2 fl.gal. | (1 fl. box/basket (fish only)) | 1 dry fn. |
| 1 fluid kit | = | 21 fl.gal. | (1 fl. jarro (oil & fish only)) | 1 dry kkn. |
| 1 fluid barrel | = | 31 1/2 fl.gal. | (no. of fl.gal. shown on fl.bbl. side) 1 dry ras. |
| 1 fluid tierce (oil bbl.) | = | 42 fl.gal. | (no. of fl.gal. shown on fl.tce. / cran side) 1 dry oct. |
| 1 fluid hogshead | = | 63 fl.gal. | (no. of fl.gal. shown on fl.hhd. side) 1 dry kim. |
| 1 fluid thirdendal | = | 84 fl.gal. | (no. of fl.gal. shown on fl.tdd. side) 1 dry pun. |
| 1 fluid butt | = | 126 fl.gal. | (no. of fl.gal. shown on fl. butt side) 1 dry pipe |
| 1 fluid tun | = | 252 fl.gal. | (no. of fl.gal. shown on fl. tun side) 1 dry fat |
| 1 fl. tun | = | 2100 troy lb. | wheat | (33.6 cu.ft.) |
| 1 fl. tun | = | 2100 av.lb. | distilled water @ max.dens. | (33.6 cu.ft.) |
| 1 troy ton | = | 252 fl.gal. | wine or butter | (2016 av.lb.) |
| 1 dry pint | = | 7/6 fluid pint | ||
| 1 dry pt. | = | 8960 fM | (1 dry punnet) | (1 dry pound (lb.)) |
| 1 dry pt. | = | 33.600000 cu.in. | (8960 fM) |
| 1 dry pt. | = | vol. of 8166 2/3 gr. wine or butter | |
| 1 dry pt. | = | volume of 7/6 av.lb. wine or butter | (8960 aM wine) |
| 1 dry pt. | = | volume of 7000 gr. wheat | |
| 1 dry pt. | = | volume of 1 av.lb. wheat | (7680 aM wheat) |
| 1 dry pt. | = | vol. of 175/144 av.lb. distilled water | (9333 1/3 aM distill. water) |
| 1 dry pt. | = | 1.1666666 fl.pt. | (168/144) | |
| 1 dry pt. | = | 1.2152777 et.pt. | (175/144) | (Year of 1826) |
| 1 dry pt. | = | 0.9722222 imp.pt. | (140/144) | (Year of 1826) |
| 1 dry pt. | = | 0.55060865 Napoleon Emperor's Republic of Europe litre (Year of 1804) |
| 1 dry quart (qt.) | = | 2 dry pt. | (1 dry pitch) | |
| 1 dry pottle (pot.) | = | 4 dry pt. | (1 dry stoup) | |
| 1 dry gallon | = | 8 dry pt. |
| 1 dry gal. | = | 268.80000 cu.in. | (71680 fM) |
| 1 dry gal. | = | vol. of 65333 1/3 gr. wine or butter | |
| 1 dry gal. | = | vol. of 7/6 av.gal. (9 1/3 av.lb.) wine or butter | (71680 aM wine) |
| 1 dry gal. | = | volume of 56000 gr. wheat | |
| 1 dry gal. | = | vol. of 1 av.gal. (1 av.nailwt.) (8 av.lb.) wheat | (61440 aM wheat) |
| 1 dry gal. | = | vol. of 175/144 av.gal. (9 13/18 av.lb.) d. water | (74666 2/3 aM distill. water) |
| 250 av.gal. wheat | = | 1 short ton | (2000 av.lb.) | |
| 250 av.gal. wheat | = | 38.888888 cu.ft. | (38 40/45) | (250 dry gal.) |
| 252 av.gal. wheat | = | 1 troy ton | (2016 av.lb.) | |
| 252 av.gal. wheat | = | 39.200000 cu.ft. | (39 9/45) | (252 dry gal.) |
| 256 av.gal. wheat | = | 1 winchester wey | (2048 av.lb.) | |
| 256 av.gal. wheat | = | 39.822222 cu.ft. | (39 37/45) | (256 dry gal.) |
| 280 av.gal. wheat | = | 1 long ton | (2240 av.lb.) | |
| 280 av.gal. wheat | = | 43.555555 cu.ft. | (43 25/45) | (280 dry gal.) |
| 288 av.gal. wheat | = | 1 merchant chalder | (2304 av.lb.) |
| 288 av.gal. wheat | = | 44.800000 cu.ft. | (44 36/45) | (288 dry gal.) |
| 576 av.gal. wheat | = | 1 merchant last | (4608 av.lb.) | |
| 576 av.gal. wheat | = | 89.600000 cu.ft. | (89 27/45) | (576 dry gal.) |
| 1 dry peck (pk.) | = | 2 dry gal. | 1/32 dry seam | |
| 1 dry tovet (tt.) | = | 4 dry gal. | (1 dry bucket/kenning) | 1/16 dry seam |
| 1 dry pin | = | 4 1/2 dry gal. | (1 dry pail/pood) | 1 fl. s-butt |
| 1 dry bushel | = | 8 dry gal. | (1 dry windle/winnel) | 1/8 dry seam |
| 1 dry bu. | (Yr.1701) | = | 2150.4000 cu.in. < 18.500 in. wide x 8 in. high cylinder |
| 1 dry bu. | = | volume of 77.7777777777777777777 av.lb. distilled water |
| 1 dry firkin (fn.) | = | 9 dry gal. | (1 dry tub/keg) | 1 fl.bjk. |
| 1 dry strike (str.) | = | 16 dry gal. | (1 dry toltrey) | 1/4 dry seam |
| 1 dry kilderkin (kkn.) | = | 18 dry gal. | (1 dry runlet) | 1 fl. kit |
| 1 dry raser (ras.) | = | 27 dry gal. | 1 fl.bbl. |
| 1 dry coomb | = | 32 dry gal. | (no. of dry gal. shown on dry cb. side) 1/2 dry seam |
| 1 dry octave (oil bbl.) | = | 36 dry gal. | (no. of dry gal. shown on dry oct./bbl. side) 1 fl.tce. |
| 1 dry kimnel | = | 54 dry gal. | (no. of dry gal. shown on dry kim. side) 1 fl.hhd. |
| 1 dry seam | = | 64 dry gal. | (no. of dry gal. shown on dry seam side) 1/9 dry last |
| 1 dry puncheon | = | 72 dry gal. | (no. of dry gal. shown on dry pun. side) 1 fl.tdd. |
| 1 dry pipe | = | 108 dry gal. | (no. of dry gal. shown on dry pipe side)1 fl. butt |
| 1 dry field-box | = | 128 dry gal. | (no. of dry gal. shown on dry f-box side) |
| 1 dry leiger | = | 144 dry gal. | (no. of dry gal. shown on dry lgr. side) 9 dry str. or 2 fl.tdd. |
| 1 dry fat | = | 216 dry gal. | (no. of dry gal. shown on dry fat side) 1 fl. tun |
| 1 dry chalder | = | 288 dry gal. | (no. of dry gal. shown on dry chd. side) 9 dry cb. or 4 fl.tdd. |
| 1 dry chd. | = | 2100 merc.lb. | wheat |
| 1 merchant chalder | = | 288 dry gal. | wheat | (2304 av.lb.) |
| 1 dry last | = | 576 dry gal. | (dry gal. shown on dry last side) 9 dry seams or 8 fl.tdd. |
| 1 dry last | = | 4200 merc.lb. | wheat |
| 1 merchant last | = | 576 dry gal. | wheat | (4608 av.lb.) |
| 1 dry last | = | 41,287,680 fM |
| • |
| 1 av.lb. sea water | = | 27.000 cu.in. | ||
| 1 tower lb. ethyl alcohol | = | 27.000 cu.in. | ||
| 1 av.lb. distill. water | = | 27.648 cu.in. | (U.K. Yr.1826) | (1 et.pt.) |
| 1 troy lb. wheat | = | 27.648 cu.in. | ||
| 1 av.lb. wine | = | 28.800 cu.in. | (1 av.lb. butter) | (1 fl.pt.) |
| 1 troy lb. ethyl alcohol | = | 28.800 cu.in. | ||
| 1 av.lb. wheat | = | 33.600 cu.in. | (1 dry pt.) | |
| 1 long lb. wheat | = | 34.560 cu.in. | ||
| 1 av.lb. rye | = | 34.560 cu.in. | (U.K. Yr.1826) | (1 imp.pt.) |
| 1 av.lb. ethyl alcohol | = | 35.000 cu.in. | (1 ex.pt.) |
| 1 cu.ft. | = | 60 av.lb. wine | (3 + 4 + 5 = 12) | (3 x 4 x 5 = 60) |
| 1 cu.ft. | = | 360/7 av.lb. wheat |
| 1 cu.ft. | = | 1000/16 av.lb. distilled water @ max.dens. 39.2° |
| 1 cu.ft. | = | 1000/16 troy lb. wheat |
| 1 cu.ft. | = | 64 av.lb. sea water | (1 av. bushel sea water) |
| 1.728 cu.in. | = | 1 av.oz. distilled water @ max.dens. | (1.0000000 specific gravity) |
| 1.872 cu.in. | = | 1 av.oz. olive-oil | (0.9230769 (12/13) sp.grav.) |
| 1.800 cu.in. (1 fl.oz.) | = | (1/2 av.oz. olive-oil) + (1/2 av.oz. d. water) | (0.9600000 specific gravity) |
| 1.000 cu.in. | = | 1 av.oz. ivory | (1.7280000 specific gravity) |
| • | ||
| 86400" sidereal time | = | 86164" solar time |
| 86400" solar time | = | 86636.64" sidereal time |
| 86400" of time | = | 6 x 60/15 x 60 x 60" of time | (60 - sexagesimal) |
| 1,296,000" of arc | = | 6 x 60 x 60 x 60" of arc | (60 - sexagesimal) |
| 1,296,000" of arc | = | 6 x 216,000" of arc |
| 216,000 | = | (6 x 6 x 6) x (10 x 10 x 10) = 216 x 1000 |
| Babylon/Assyria cube | = | (6 x 10) x (6 x 10) x (6 x 10) = 60 x 60 x 60 = 216,000 |
| Egypt/Arabic cube | = | 10 x 10 x 10 = 1000 |
| 1.216 | = | ((10 x 10 x 10) ÷ 1000) + ((6 x 6 x 6) ÷ 1000) |
| 1 Equator / meridian | = | 1.216 in. x (10 x 10 x 10) x ((6 x 10) x (6 x 10) x (6 x 10)) x 6 |
| 1' of arc of Equator | = | 10 ntl. cables = 6080 ft. = 1 ntl.ml. = 4" sidereal time |
| 1" sidereal time | = | 15" of arc of Equator = 1520 ft. = 1000 egyptian cubits |
| 1 nautical cable | = | 101 1/3 fth. = 608 ft. = 6" arc of Equator = 6/15" sidereal time |
| 1" of arc of Equator | = | 101 1/3 ft. = 1/15" sidereal time |
| 1.216 in. | = | 101 1/3 ft. ÷ 1000 |
| 1.800 cu.in. (1 fl.oz.) | =/> | 1.798045696 cu.in. = 1.216 x 1.216 x 1.216 in. |
| 7000 gr. (1 av.lb.) | = | 16 av.oz. |
| 437500 gr. | = | 16000 av.dr. or 8000 av.dhm. |
| 437500 gr. | = | 1000 av.oz. distilled water @ maximum density @ 39.2° |
| 1 cu.ft. | = | 1000 av.oz. distilled water = 1728 cu.in. = 12 x 12 x 12 in. |
| 1000 av.oz. distilled water | = | 960 farthings = 240 pennies = 20 shillings = U.S. £1 pound |
| 1.800 cu.in. (1 fl.oz.) | = | 1728 cu.in. (or 1000 av.oz. distilled water) ÷ 960 = 1 farthing |
| 1000 av.oz. distilled water | = | 1000 mills = 100 cents = 10 dimes = U.K. $1 dollar (Yr.1826) |
| 1.728 cu.in. (1 et.oz.) | = | 1728 cu.in. (or 1000 av.oz. distilled water) ÷ 1000 = 1 mill |
| 1 explicit pint | = | 27.648 cu.in. = 7000 gr. distilled water | (1728 ÷ 1000) x 16 |
| 1 fluid pint | = | 28.800 cu.in. = 7000 gr. wine or butter | (1728 ÷ 960) x 16 |
| 1 dry pint | = | 36.600 cu.in. = 7000 gr. wheat | ((1728 ÷ 960) x 16) x 7/6 |
| 1 improved pint | = | 34.560 cu.in. = 1.25 x 7000 gr. distilled water | ((1728 ÷ 1000) x 16) x 5/4 |
| 1 et.pt. | = | 1 et.pt. x 144/144 = 1 et.pt. | (Yr.1826) |
| 1 fl.pt. | = | 1 et.pt. x 150/144 = 1 fl.pt. | |
| 1 dry pt. | = | 1 et.pt. x 175/144 = 1 dry pt. | |
| 1 imp.pt. | = | 1 et.pt. x 180/144 = 1 imp.pt. | (Yr.1826) |
| 1 fl.oz. | = | 1728 cu.in. ÷ 960 = 1.800 cu.in. distill. water @ max.dens. |
| 1/1000" of arc Equator/mer. | = | one side of 1 fl.oz. cube of com. fluid measure (1.216 in.) |
| • |
| "By the consent of the whole Realm of England, the Measure of our Lord the King |
| was made, that an English Penny, called the Sterling, round, without clipping, |
| should weigh thirty-two Corns of Wheat, well-dried, and gathered out of the Middle |
| of the Ear, and twenty Pence to make an Ounce, twelve Ounces a Pound, eight |
| Pounds a Gallon of Wine, and eight Gallons of Wine a Bushel of London, which is |
| an eighth Part of a Quarter." | Year of 1216 |
| • | ||
| 7680 aM | = | 32 aM x 20 x 12 |
| 7680 aM | = | 28.800 cubic inches wine or butter |
| 1 fluid pint | = | 28.800 cubic inches |
| 61440 aM | = | 230.400 cubic inches wine or butter |
| 1 fluid gallon | = | 230.400 cubic inches |
| 7680 aM | = | 32 aM x 20 x 12 |
| 7680 aM | = | 33.600 cubic inches wheat |
| 1 dry pint | = | 33.600 cubic inches |
| 61440 aM | = | 268.800 cubic inches wheat |
| 1 dry gallon | = | 268.800 cubic inches |
| 491520 aM | = | 2150.400 cubic inches wheat |
| 1 dry bushel | = | 2150.400 cubic inches |
| LEATHER SEALER'S OFFICE, Londonderry, Vt. | April 8th 1826 | Rory Ely Cole |
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| Copyright © MMII Rory Ely Cole |